EL CONTROL CONSTITUCIONAL DE LAS LEYES EN ATENAS

Autores/as

  • Priscila Machado Martins Universidad Central de Chile

Palabras clave:

Control de las leyes, GraphéParanomon, Norma inconstitucional, Cosa Juzgada constitucional

Resumen

Este artículo pretende entregar una referencia histórica acerca de lo que se puede entender como un tipo de control de las leyes en la Atenas clásica. Si bien puede ser impropio hablar de justicia constitucional en la Antigüedad, específicamente en la Grecia clásica del siglo V a. C., las instituciones atenienses de la “graphê paranomôn” y la “graphê nomon”, correspondían a acciones que buscaban un efecto muy similar al de los instrumentos de control de constitucionalidad de las leyes en el día de hoy, las que además de servir como herramientas que tienden a evitar las antinomias, implicaban una interesante fuente para la comprensión actual de los conceptos de Constitución y Justicia Constitucional.

 

Biografía del autor/a

Priscila Machado Martins, Universidad Central de Chile

Doctora en Derecho por la Pontifícia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Chile; Titulada en Derecho en la Universidade Norte do Paraná, Brasil; Miembro del Ordem dos Advogados do Brasil, n. 241545; Profesora de Derecho Procesal y Derecho Procesal Constitucional en la Universidad Central de Chile.

Citas

<p class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps;" lang="EN-US">Ansieta N&uacute;&ntilde;ez</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;" lang="EN-US">, Alfonso, <em>El concepto de tirano en Arist&oacute;teles y Machiavello</em>, en <em>Revista de Derecho, </em>Vapara&iacute;so (1987) XI, pp. 79-88.</span></p> <p class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps;">Arist&oacute;teles,</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Arial;"> <em>Constituci&oacute;n de los Atenienses </em>(Madrid,<em> </em>Abada, 2005).</span></p> <p class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps;" lang="EN-US">Aristoteles</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;" lang="EN-US">, Pol&iacute;tica (2&ordf; edici&oacute;n, Madrid, Centro de Estudios Pol&iacute;ticos y Constitucionales, 1997).</span></p> <p class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps;">Canevaro</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Arial;">, Mirko<em>, Nomothesia in classical Athens: what sources should we believe?,</em> en <em>The classical quarterly</em>, 63 (2013) 1.</span></p> <p class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps;">Cappelletti</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Arial;">, Mauro, <em>Alcuni precedenti storici del controllo giudiziario di costituzionalit&agrave; delle leggi</em>, en <em>Rivista di diritto processuale civile</em> (1966) 21.</span></p> <p class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps;" lang="EN-US">Cappelletti</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;" lang="EN-US">, Mauro,<em> Alcuni precedenti storici del controlo giudiziario di costituzionalit&agrave; delle leggi,</em> en <em>Rivista di diritto processuale civile</em>, 21 (1966).</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps;">Cappelletti</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Arial;">, Mauro, <em>Dimensiones de la justicia en el mundo contempor&aacute;neo</em> (M&eacute;xico, Porr&uacute;a, 1993)<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps;">.</span></span></p> <p class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps;" lang="EN-US">Cappelletti</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;" lang="EN-US">, Mauro, <em>O controle judicial de constitucionalidade das leis no direito comparado</em>, (2&ordf; edici&oacute;n, Porto Alegre, Fabris, 1984).</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps;" lang="EN-US">Dem&oacute;stenes</span><em><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;" lang="EN-US">, Discursos pol&iacute;ticos</span></em><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;" lang="EN-US"> (trad. Antonio<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps;"> </span>Lopez Eire<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps;">,</span> Madrid, Gredos, 1985).</span></p> <p class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps;" lang="EN-US">Everson</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;" lang="EN-US">, Stephen, <em>Aristotle: the politics and the constitution of Athens</em> (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1996).</span></p> <p class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps;" lang="EN-US">Foxhall</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;" lang="EN-US">, Lin; <span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps;">Lewis</span>, Andrew (edit.), <em>Greek law in its political setting: justifications not justice</em> (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1996).</span></p> <p class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps;" lang="EN-US">Frankel Paul</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;" lang="EN-US">, Ellen; <span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps;">Miller Jr</span>., Fred D.; <span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps;">Paul</span>, Jeffrey; <em>What should constitutions do?</em> (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2011).</span></p> <p class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps;" lang="EN-US">Gagarin</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;" lang="EN-US">, Michael, <em>Early greek law</em> (Los Angeles, California Press, 1986)<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps;">.</span></span></p> <p class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps;" lang="PT-BR">Glotz</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;" lang="PT-BR">, Gustave, <em>A cidade grega</em> (Rio de Janeiro, Bertrand Brasil, 1988).</span></p> <p class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps;" lang="ES">Guzman Brito</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-fareast-language: ES-CL;" lang="ES">, Alejandro, <em>El vocabulario hist&oacute;rico para la idea de constituci&oacute;n pol&iacute;tica,</em> en<em> Revista de estudios hist&oacute;ricos-jur&iacute;dicos </em>24 (2002), pp. 267-313.</span></p> <p class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps;" lang="EN-US">Hansen</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;" lang="EN-US">, Mogens Herman, <em>The athenian democracy in the age of Demosthenes: structure, principles, and ideology</em> (Norman, University of Oklahoma Press, 1999).</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps;" lang="EN-US">Hansen</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;" lang="EN-US">, Mogens Herman, <em>The sovereignty of the People's Court in Athens in the fourth century B.C. and the public action against unconstitutional proposals</em> (Odense, Odense Universitetsforlag, 1974). </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps;" lang="EN-US">Harris</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;" lang="EN-US">, Edward M., <em>The rule of law in action in democratic Athens</em> (New York, Oxford University Press, 2013).</span></p> <p class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps;" lang="EN-US">Johnstone</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;" lang="EN-US">, Steven, <em>Disputes and democracy: the consequences of litigation in Ancient Athens</em> (Austin, University of Texas Press, 1999).</span></p> <p class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps;" lang="PT-BR">Kelsen</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;" lang="PT-BR">, Hans, <em>Jurisdi&ccedil;&atilde;o constitucional</em> (S&atilde;o Paulo, Martins Fontes, 2003).</span></p> <p class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps;" lang="EN-US">Lanni,</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;" lang="EN-US"> Adriaan, <em>Judicial Review and the Athenian 'Constitution'</em>, en <em>Harvard Public Law</em> 21 (2010) 10.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps;">Lanni</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Arial;">, Adriaan; <span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps;">Vermeule</span>, Adrian, <em>Constitutional Design in the Ancient World</em>, en <em>Stanford Law Review</em> 11 (2011) 06.</span></p> <p class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps;" lang="EN-US">Lewis</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;" lang="EN-US">, John David, <em>Early Greek lawgivers </em>(s.l., Bristol Class, 2007).</span></p> <p class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps;">Lopez Eire</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Arial;">, Antonio, <em>Dem&oacute;stenes: estado de la cuesti&oacute;n</em>, en <em>Estudios Cl&aacute;sicos</em>, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cient&iacute;ficas XX (1976) 78, Madrid.</span></p> <p class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps;" lang="EN-US">MacDowell</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;" lang="EN-US">, Douglas M., <em>The law in classical Athens</em> (New York, Cornell University Press, 1986).</span></p> <p class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps;" lang="FR">Manin</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;" lang="FR">, Bernard, <em>Deliberaci&oacute;n y discusi&oacute;n</em>, en <em>Revista Saap</em>, 2 (2005) 2, pp. 239-256.</span></p> <p class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps;">Montesquieu</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Arial;">, <em>El esp&iacute;ritu de las leyes</em> (Madrid, Istmo, 2002).</span></p> <p class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps;" lang="EN-US">Ober</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;" lang="EN-US">, J., <em>The Athenian revolution: essays on ancient Greek democracy and political theory</em> (Princeton, Princeton University Press, 1999).</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps;" lang="EN-US">Ostwald</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;" lang="EN-US">, Martin, <em>From popular sovereignty to the sovereignty of law: law, society, and politics in Fifth-Century Athens</em> (Berkeley, University of California Press, 1986).</span></p> <p class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps;">Palao Herrero</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Arial;">, Juan, <em>El sistema jur&iacute;dico &aacute;tico cl&aacute;sico</em> (Madrid, Dykinson, 2007).</span></p> <p class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps;" lang="EN-US">Paoli,</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;" lang="EN-US"> Ugo Enrico, Studi sul proceso attivo (Padova, Cedam, 1933)<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps;">.</span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps;" lang="EN-US">Paoli</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;" lang="EN-US">, Ugo Enrico, Verbete <em>Nomothetai</em>, en <em>Nuovo Dig. It</em>., VIII (Torino, UTET, 1939).</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps;">Pav&oacute;n Torrej&oacute;n</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Arial;">, Pilar, <em>La c&aacute;rcel y el encarcelamiento en el mundo romano</em> (Madrid, CSIC, 2003).</span></p> <p style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps;" lang="EN-US">Petrie</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;" lang="EN-US">, Alexander, <em>Introducci&oacute;n al estudio de Grecia</em> (M&eacute;xico, Fondo de Cultura Econ&oacute;mica, 1995).</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps;" lang="EN-US">Reduzzi Merola</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;" lang="EN-US">, Francesca<em>, </em></span><em><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;" lang="FR">Il giudizio di costituzionalit&agrave; nell'esperienza greco-romana</span></em><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;" lang="FR">, en <em>Annali del Seminario Giuridico dell'Universit&agrave; di&nbsp;Palermo</em> (2008) 52.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps;" lang="EN-US">Rothchild</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;" lang="EN-US">, John, <em>Introduction to Athenian Democracy of the Fifth and Fourth Centuries BC</em>E, en <em>Wayne State University Law School</em> 32 (2007) 7.</span></p> <p class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps;">Sartori</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Arial;">, Giovanni, <em>Constitutionalism: a preliminary discussion</em>, en <em>American Political Science Review</em>, 56 (1962).</span></p> <p class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps;" lang="PT-BR">Schmitt</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;" lang="PT-BR">, Carl, <em>O guardi&atilde;o da constitui&ccedil;&atilde;o</em> (Belo Horizonte, Del Rey, 2007).</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps;" lang="EN-US">Schwartzberg</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;" lang="EN-US">, Melissa, <em>Was the graphe paranomon a form of judicial review?,</em> conferencia publicada en <em>Cardozo Law Review</em>, 34 (2013), pp. 1049-1062<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps;">.</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;" lang="EN-US"></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps;">Sellers</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Arial;">, Mortimer; <span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps;">Tomaszewski</span>, Tadeusz; <em>The rule of law in comparative perspective</em> (Baltimore, Springer, 2010).</span></p> <p class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Arial;">&nbsp;</span></p> <p style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">&nbsp;</p>

Descargas

Publicado

2017-09-07

Cómo citar

Machado Martins, P. (2017). EL CONTROL CONSTITUCIONAL DE LAS LEYES EN ATENAS. Revista De Estudios Histórico-Jurídicos, (39). Recuperado a partir de https://www.rehj.cl/index.php/rehj/article/view/845

Número

Sección

Historia de las Instituciones